Industrial Chemistry

1. Major Industrial Sectors
   1. Petrochemical industry
      1. Crude oil refining
         1. Fractional distillation process
         2. Hydrocracking processes
         3. Desulfurization techniques
         4. Refinery product differentiation (gasoline, diesel, kerosene)
      2. Production of ethylene, propylene, and other olefins
         1. Steam cracking of naphtha and ethane
         2. Catalytic dehydrogenation processes
         3. Uses of olefins in polymers and industrial chemicals
      3. Aromatics production
         1. Catalytic reforming
         2. Toluene and xylene separation
         3. Uses in manufacturing of plastics, resins, and solvents
   2. Pharmaceutical industry
      1. Drug discovery and development
         1. Target identification and validation
         2. High-throughput screening and lead optimization
         3. Preclinical and clinical trial phases
      2. API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) manufacturing
         1. Chemical synthesis vs. bioprocessing methods
         2. Quality assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
         3. Scale-up and technology transfer issues
      3. Biotechnology applications
         1. Biopharmaceutical production (monoclonal antibodies, vaccines)
         2. Genetic engineering techniques
         3. Role of biosimilars and biobetters in the industry
   3. Agrochemical industry
      1. Fertilizer production
         1. Nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate)
         2. Phosphatic and potassic fertilizers
         3. Role in enhancing crop yields and soil health
      2. Pesticides and herbicides
         1. Synthesis and formulation of chemical controls
         2. Integrated pest management strategies
         3. Environmental impact and resistance management
      3. Sustainable farming solutions
         1. Role of bio-based agrochemicals
         2. Advancements in precision agriculture
         3. Adoption of biotech crops for improved resilience
   4. Polymer industry
      1. Production of plastics
         1. Polymerization processes (addition polymerization, condensation polymerization)
         2. Commodity plastics vs. engineering plastics
         3. Application in packaging, automotive, and electronics
      2. Polymerization techniques
         1. Bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion polymerization
         2. Control of molecular weight and polymer architecture
         3. Advances in copolymer and blend production
      3. Recycling and biodegradability
         1. Mechanical and chemical recycling methods
         2. Development of biodegradable polymers
         3. Legislative and market drivers for sustainable plastics
   5. Chemical manufacturing
      1. Industrial chemical production
         1. Inorganic chemicals (acids, bases, salts)
         2. Organic chemicals (solvents, dyes, resins)
         3. Specialty chemicals (additives, fragrances, surfactants)
      2. Process development and optimization
         1. Reaction and separation processes
         2. Catalytic and non-catalytic systems
         3. Energy efficiency and process intensification
   6. Food and beverage industry
      1. Additives and preservatives
         1. Role of emulsifiers, stabilizers, and flavor enhancers
         2. Safety and regulatory aspects
      2. Fermentation and enzymatic processes
         1. Applications in brewing, dairy, and meat processing
         2. Advances in microbial and enzyme technology
      3. Food safety and quality assurance
         1. HACCP and food safety management systems
         2. Detection of contaminants and traceability solutions
   7. Automotive and transport industry
      1. Specialty chemicals for automotive applications
         1. Automotive fluids (coolants, lubricants, brake fluids)
         2. Coatings (corrosion resistance, paint)
      2. Lightweight materials
         1. Role of polymers and composites in reducing vehicle weight
         2. Innovations in automotive design for efficiency
      3. Environmental regulations and innovations
         1. Reduction of emissions and pollution
         2. Development of electric vehicle components and materials
   8. Textile industry
      1. Textile chemicals and dyes
         1. Role in fiber processing and finishing
         2. Sustainable dyeing and finishing technologies
      2. Synthetic vs. natural fibers
         1. Production processes and applications
         2. Advances in functional and smart textiles
      3. Waste management in textiles
         1. Recycling and sustainable practices
         2. Circular economy approaches in textile manufacturing