Evidence and Legal Procedure

1. International Considerations
   1. Differences in Legal Traditions
      1. Common Law Systems
         1. Adversarial process
         2. Role of precedents
         3. Focus on cross-examination
      2. Civil Law Systems
         1. Inquisitorial approach
         2. Codified statutes
         3. Limited role of case law
      3. Religious Law Systems
         1. Influence of religious texts
         2. Variability in interpretation and application
      4. Mixed and Customary Law Systems
         1. Combination of legal traditions
         2. Role of customary practices in evidence assessment
   2. Transnational Evidence Issues
      1. Cross-Border Evidence Sharing
         1. International treaties and agreements
         2. Mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs)
         3. Challenges in harmonizing legal standards
      2. Extradition and Evidence
         1. Legal requirements for transferring suspects
         2. Role of evidence in extradition proceedings
      3. Sovereignty and Jurisdiction
         1. Navigating conflicts of jurisdiction
         2. Issues in enforcing foreign judgments
   3. International Tribunals
      1. Structure and Function
         1. Composition and role of international courts
         2. Differences from national legal systems
      2. Rules of Evidence
         1. Uniform rules in international tribunals
         2. Variations based on tribunal type (e.g., ICC, ICJ)
      3. Gathering and Admissibility
         1. Processes for obtaining evidence abroad
         2. Challenges in authenticity and reliability verification
      4. War Crimes and Human Rights Violations
         1. Handling evidence of mass atrocities
         2. Unique challenges in documenting violations
   4. Globalization and Legal Evidence
      1. Impact of Technological Advances
         1. Issues with digital evidence across borders
         2. Handling e-discovery in an international context
      2. Cybercrime and International Cooperation
         1. Importance of international collaboration
         2. Challenges in evidence collection and cybersecurity
   5. Human Rights Considerations
      1. Protection of Rights in Evidence Gathering
         1. Balancing evidence collection with individual rights
         2. Safeguards against intrusive investigatory practices
      2. Impact of International Human Rights Norms
         1. Influence of human rights treaties on evidence laws
         2. Role of NGOs in advocating for rights-compliant procedures
   6. Comparative Analysis
      1. Studies comparing evidence laws globally
      2. Trends in evidence law reform influenced by international practices
   7. Case Studies
      1. Examination of landmark international cases
      2. Analysis of evidence handling in multinational disputes