Environmental Law and Policy

1. Legal Frameworks in Environmental Law
   1. International Environmental Law
      1. Treaties and Conventions
         1. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
            1. Objectives and Commitments
            2. Conference of the Parties (COP)
            3. Reporting and Review Mechanisms
         2. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
            1. Sustainable Use of Components
            2. Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)
            3. National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs)
         3. Paris Agreement
            1. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
            2. Global Stocktake and Transparency
            3. Financial, Technological, and Capacity-Building Support
         4. Kyoto Protocol
            1. Emission Reduction Targets
            2. Flexible Market Mechanisms
               1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
               2. Joint Implementation (JI)
               3. Emissions Trading
      2. International Organizations and Bodies
         1. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
            1. Role in Policy Formulation and Standards Setting
            2. Assessment Reports and Global Environment Outlook
         2. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
            1. Protected Areas Management
            2. Red List of Threatened Species
         3. World Health Organization (WHO)
            1. Environmental Health Programs
            2. Guidelines on Air and Water Quality
      3. Transboundary Environmental Issues
         1. Air and Water Pollution Control
            1. Acid Rain and Cross-Border Emissions Reduction
            2. Shared Water Bodies and International Agreements
         2. Migratory Species Conservation
            1. Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)
            2. Habitat Corridors and Transboundary Protected Areas
   2. National Environmental Law
      1. Federal Environmental Statutes
         1. Clean Air Act
            1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
            2. State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
            3. New Source Review Program
         2. Clean Water Act
            1. Water Quality Standards and Regulations
            2. Permitting and Pollution Discharge Regulations
            3. Nonpoint Source Pollution Management
         3. Endangered Species Act
            1. Listing and Protection of Species
            2. Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)
            3. Recovery and Delisting Processes
         4. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
            1. Environmental Impact Statements (EIS)
            2. Categorical Exclusions and Environmental Assessments (EAs)
            3. Public Involvement and Agency Coordination
      2. State and Local Regulations
         1. State Implementation of Federal Laws
            1. Differences in State Environmental Policies
            2. Role of State Environmental Agencies
         2. Local Zoning and Land Use Laws
            1. Environmental Land Use Planning
            2. Smart Growth and Urban Sprawl
            3. Public Participation in Local Decision Making