Employment Law

1. Anti-Discrimination Laws
   1. Protected Characteristics
      1. Race, color, and national origin
         1. Historical context and background
         2. Key legislative protections
            1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
         3. Enforcement mechanisms
      2. Gender and sexual orientation
         1. Historical struggles and progress
         2. Title VII implications
         3. Recent legal developments
         4. Gender identity inclusion
      3. Age and disability
         1. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
            1. Key provisions
            2. Age limits and protections
         2. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
            1. Definition and scope of disability
            2. Reasonable accommodations
            3. Undue hardship guidelines
   2. Equal Employment Opportunity Laws
      1. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
         1. Scope and coverage
            1. Employment practices
            2. Exceptions and exemptions
         2. Prohibited discrimination types
         3. Employer responsibilities and compliance
      2. The Equal Pay Act
         1. Definition and purpose
         2. Wage discrimination based on sex
         3. Employer defenses and permissible variations
      3. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
         1. Protection of genetic information
         2. Employer restrictions and allowances
      4. Pregnancy Discrimination Act
         1. Treatment of pregnancy in the workplace
         2. Accommodation requirements
   3. Enforcement and Compliance
      1. Role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
         1. Functions and powers
         2. Process for filing discrimination claims
         3. Investigation and resolution of complaints
      2. Employer compliance programs
         1. Anti-discrimination policies
         2. Regular training and education
         3. Diversity and inclusion initiatives
      3. Legal remedies and penalties
         1. Available remedies for employees
         2. Penalties for non-compliance
         3. Role of courts and legal proceedings
   4. Case Law and Legal Precedents
      1. Landmark Supreme Court decisions
         1. Key cases shaping anti-discrimination law
         2. Implications of recent rulings
      2. Impact of regional circuit court decisions
         1. Variation in interpretations across jurisdictions
      3. Emerging legal theories and trends
         1. Intersectionality in discrimination cases
         2. Expansion of protected categories
   5. Current and Emerging Challenges
      1. Balancing anti-discrimination with freedom of expression
         1. Implications for workplace speech policies
      2. Discrimination in hiring algorithms
         1. Potential biases in AI-driven recruitment
      3. The impact of the gig economy on anti-discrimination protections
         1. Difficulties in enforcing protections for non-traditional workers
      4. Globalization and multi-national companies
         1. Navigating different anti-discrimination laws across borders