Educational Psychology

1. Developmental Considerations
   1. Cognitive Development Theories
      1. Piaget's Stages of Development
         1. Sensorimotor stage
            1. Characteristics and learning implications
            2. Role of object permanence
         2. Preoperational stage
            1. Understanding symbolic thought
            2. Egocentrism and its educational impact
         3. Concrete operational stage
            1. Development of logical thought
            2. Understanding conservation and reversibility
         4. Formal operational stage
            1. Abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning
            2. Implications for instructional strategies
      2. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
         1. Importance of social interaction
         2. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
            1. Scaffolding techniques
            2. Role of the teacher as a facilitator
         3. Cultural tools and cognitive development
         4. Language and thought relationship
   2. Social and Emotional Development
      1. Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
         1. Trust vs. Mistrust
            1. Building trust in early childhood settings
         2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
            1. Encouraging independence in learning environments
         3. Initiative vs. Guilt
            1. Fostering creativity and initiative
         4. Industry vs. Inferiority
            1. Enhancing competence through academic success
         5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
            1. Support during adolescent identity formation
         6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
            1. Facilitating relationships and group work
      2. Emotional Intelligence
         1. Components of emotional intelligence
            1. Recognizing and managing emotions
            2. Empathy in peer interactions
         2. Impact on academic achievement
         3. Strategies to develop emotional intelligence
            1. SEL (Social-Emotional Learning) programs
            2. Classroom activities promoting emotional skills
   3. Physical Development
      1. Impact on Learning Abilities
         1. Fine and gross motor skills development
            1. Hands-on classroom activities
            2. Adaptive physical education
         2. Brain maturation and its effect on learning readiness
      2. Developmental Milestones
         1. Early childhood milestones
            1. Observing motor, language, and cognitive milestones
         2. Adolescence milestones
            1. Cognitive and emotional changes during puberty
         3. Variability in developmental rates and implications for educators
            1. Addressing diverse developmental needs in classrooms