Cross-Cultural Psychology

1. Developmental Psychology Across Cultures
   1. Child-Rearing Practices
      1. Parenting styles across different cultures
         1. Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved styles
         2. Cultural expectations and parenting goals
      2. Socialization practices
         1. Discipline methods
         2. Gender roles and expectations
         3. Moral and ethical upbringing
      3. Role of extended family and community
         1. Influence of grandparents and other relatives
         2. Community-based child-rearing practices
   2. Cognitive Development Variations
      1. Influences of cultural context on Piagetian stages
         1. Variability in reaching developmental milestones
         2. Impact of formal education systems
      2. Theory of mind and cultural differences
         1. Development of perspective-taking skills
         2. Impact of language and culture on understanding others' intentions
      3. Cultural learning environments
         1. Traditional versus modern educational settings
         2. Influence of cultural tools and symbols (e.g., language, art, technology)
   3. Language Acquisition Across Cultural Contexts
      1. Multilingual environments and their impact on development
         1. Simultaneous versus sequential bilingualism
         2. Code-switching and its cognitive implications
      2. Cultural narratives and language socialization
         1. Storytelling traditions and their role in language acquisition
         2. Influence of cultural values in language use
      3. Language and identity
         1. Language as a cultural identity marker
         2. Language attrition and preservation in minority cultures
   4. Adolescence and Identity Formation
      1. Cross-cultural perspectives on adolescence
         1. Definitions and expectations of adolescence across cultures
         2. Transition rituals and rites of passage
      2. Development of personal and social identity
         1. Interplay between cultural identity and self-concept
         2. Exploration of ethnicity and ethnicity-related identity issues
      3. Adolescent mental health in diverse cultural settings
         1. Cultural influences on depression, anxiety, and other common issues
         2. Role of peer groups and social support networks
      4. Impact of globalization on adolescent development
         1. Global media and cultural exchange effects
         2. Balancing traditional values with global influences
   5. Influence of Cultural Norms on Emotional Development
      1. Emotional expression and regulation variations
         1. Cultural norms regarding expressing emotions
         2. Strategies for emotion regulation taught within cultural contexts
      2. Attachment styles and cultural expectations
         1. Differences in secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized attachments
         2. Cultural influences on caregiver-child attachment bonds
      3. Development of empathy and prosocial behavior
         1. Cultural teachings on empathy and altruism
         2. Community and familial roles in fostering prosocial behavior