Business Law

1. Commercial Law
   1. Sale of Goods and Services
      1. Contracts for Sale
         1. Terms and Conditions
         2. Warranties
         3. Title and Risk Transfer
         4. Delivery and Acceptance
      2. Consumer vs. Business Transactions
         1. Consumer Protection Laws
         2. Business-to-Business Considerations
      3. International Sales
         1. Incoterms
         2. Cross-border Trade Regulations
   2. Secured Transactions
      1. Security Interests
         1. Creation and Attachment
         2. Perfection and Priority
         3. Types of Collateral
      2. Rights and Obligations of Secured Parties
         1. Enforcement of Security Interests
         2. Repossession and Foreclosure
      3. Impact of Insolvency
         1. Role of Secured Creditors in Bankruptcy
         2. Treatment of Unsecured Creditors
      4. Assignment and Transfer of Security Interests
   3. Negotiable Instruments
      1. Types of Negotiable Instruments
         1. Checks
         2. Promissory Notes
         3. Certificates of Deposit
         4. Letters of Credit
      2. Transfer and Negotiation
         1. Endorsements
         2. Holder in Due Course
      3. Liability and Defenses
         1. Forgery and Alteration
         2. Nonpayment and Refusal
      4. Electronic and Digital Instruments
         1. E-checks and E-notes
         2. Legal Recognition and Standards
   4. Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
      1. Purpose and Structure
         1. Comprehensive Framework for Commercial Transactions
         2. Adoption and Variations by States
      2. Article 2: Sales
         1. Scope, Formation, and Performance
         2. Remedies for Breach of Sales Contracts
      3. Article 2A: Leases
         1. Formation and Enforcement of Lease Contracts
      4. Article 3: Negotiable Instruments
         1. Issuance, Transfer, and Liability
      5. Article 9: Secured Transactions
         1. Scope, Perfection, and Priority of Security Interests
      6. Impact on Commercial Practices
         1. Standardization of State Laws
         2. Facilitation of Interstate Commerce