Biophysics

1. Interdisciplinary Connections
   1. Biochemistry and Biophysics
      1. Mechanistic insights into biochemical pathways
         1. Protein-ligand interactions
         2. Enzymatic mechanisms
         3. Signal transduction pathways
      2. Structural biology integration
         1. Protein crystallography
         2. NMR in macromolecular structure determination
      3. Metabolic networks analysis
         1. Flux balance analysis
         2. Thermodynamic constraints on metabolism
      4. Systems biology approaches
         1. Omics data integration
         2. Network modeling and simulation
   2. Chemical Physics
      1. Chemical kinetics in biological systems
         1. Reaction rate theories
         2. Transition state theory applications
      2. Quantum chemical calculations
         1. Electron transfer processes
         2. Photochemical reactions in biology
      3. Dynamic processes in biomolecules
         1. Protein dynamics and conformational changes
         2. Molecular dynamics simulations
      4. Thermodynamic constraints and free energy calculations
         1. Gibbs free energy in biological reactions
         2. Partition functions and entropy considerations
   3. Materials Science and Biophysics
      1. Biomaterials design and development
         1. Biocompatible polymers
         2. Bioinspired materials
      2. Nanostructured biomaterials
         1. Nanoparticles for drug delivery
         2. Nanotubes and nanofibers in tissue engineering
      3. Mechanical properties of biological tissues
         1. Viscoelasticity and mechanical strength
         2. Biomechanics of connective tissues
      4. Self-assembly processes in biological systems
         1. Micelle and vesicle formation
         2. Protein aggregation and misfolding
   4. Biophysical Engineering and Biomimicry
      1. Bioengineering principles in biophysics
         1. Tissue scaffolds and regenerative medicine
         2. Biophysical sensors and actuators
      2. Biomimetic systems design
         1. Artificial photosynthesis
         2. Autonomous robots inspired by biological organisms
      3. Biomechanical systems and prosthetics
         1. Biophysics of movement
         2. Design of bionic limbs and exoskeletons
      4. Environmental biophysics and sustainability
         1. Biologically inspired materials for energy conversion
         2. Biophysical approaches to sustainable engineering practices